rm$L  & msmurry’s 

,WRY  ||||  TENNESSEE 


3a£agagt 

T 

1-  ?i : Hr:ii  ri : :: ; \ r?!l§|§f|«£ 


,' V:  ';';  ■ ">■  : 'T  ■ 


The  MARTIN  ROWAN  CHAFFIN 
Collection  of  Public  School 
Text-Books 

PRESENTED  TO 

Du\e  University  Library 


By  his  grandchildren  in  honor  of  M. 
R.  Chaffin,  who  taught  public  school 
in  Davie  and  Yadkin  counties  for  a 
number  of  years  beginning  in  1850,  and 
in  honor  of  his  father,  William  Owen 
Chaffin,  who  first  taught  a North 
Carolina  public  school  in  1843,  in 
Yadkin  county. 

For  the  especial  use  of  the  Department  of  Education 
and  of  the  Durham  county  and  city  teachers. 

DATE . H2C 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/tennessee01barr 


TENNESSEE 


TARR  AND  McMURRY  GEOGRAPHIES 


SUPPLEMENTARY  VOLUME 


TENNESSEE 


BY 

ALBERT  T.  BARRETT,  LL.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  EDUCATION  IN  PEABODY  COLLEGE 
FOR  TEACHERS 


Nefo  fforfe 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY 

LONDON:  MACMILLAN  & CO.,  Ltd. 

1905 


All  rights  reserved 


Copyright,  1904, 

By  THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY. 


Set  up  and  electrotyped.  Published  August,  1904; 
Reprinted  February,  1905. 


C:L, 

VO 

B 2,7^7 


Copyright,  11)04,  by  A T.  Barrett. 


HlooinUeld 


[Hopkinsville 


Bardwell  f,  Benton' 


Cadi/.' 


Kussellvi  jl 


Elk  fun 


Scotta 


01  ay Held 


a ilk  I in 1 


Clinton 


\ New  V 

V P ro  v i d e 1 1 ' a v k s v i II 

\3i onVtWjm e n\y- 


It  oi:  E R T'S-0  Ni 

e-~  "si.  n, /i 


TROTS 

[SJEVLB 


Dresden 


Obion 


llOISTOX 


[Chariot! 


I Sha  mji  ; 
GrcMMilleld" 


Lebanon  \ 

W I L STO 


W overly 


,livril( 


yTrentoii  V i \*j^‘ti 
Alamo  . /{ / uin boldly. 


i'ivghiiyrr.^  )] 

^ \ i \ 

wColunibili  | >.  | | 

I BEDFORD 
Tullaliopi  V) 

yyy 

o*  Lyticlibtfr^ 


HICKMAN 


I ^entdrvillei 
V E 1WK  Y I 
I 


Ripley 


nsvilh* 


file li  wftlld 


'HA  WOOD 


jCliftonj  | \ / 

iVVaynesboro  j /, ! 

1 \v  I V a I,'  -C  VWRELNCE  I 
[h^A  * ' 1 I Pol- 

i ^Lawrenceburg/  ^ y* 


il /Bolivar 


Ulerville  >■' 


Corinth 


Hernando1 


[Ripley 


Tuscuinbi 


Fjg,  2, —Political  J- 


^ U Lr^'  C' 

.Burke^^c^  ^ m ® ^cello 

ku,;?me  cV’'Vauy  l *i(liam 


ffv  V 

Iioro  ^ 0-\  ^Lafajetl 


O ( R 

i)  Dalton 


Marshall  O Burnsville 

•p.  ® ) i 


TENNESSEE 


SCALE  OF  MILES 


Greenwich  85° 


0 5 10  ‘->0  30 

40  50 

Population  of  places  is  indicated  by 
different  lettering,  thus: 

50,000  and  over 

Memphis 

Knoxville 

Clarksville 

State  Capitals  shown  thus 

© 

County  Seats  shown  thus 

— O 

B0RMAY  <St|cO.,  N.\ 

83° 

82° 

tl  oy  Tennessee. 


PREFACE 


The  children  of  Tennessee  have  great  reason  to  be  proud  of 
the  state.  Nature  has  done  much  for  our  home  state,  we  shall 
find,  by  giving  to  it  a climate  unsurpassed,  resources  unlimited, 
and  a landscape  of  remarkable  variety  and  beauty. 

History,  too,  has  made  our  state  conspicuous  and  renowned 
both  in  peace  and  in  war.  Her  sons  have  contributed  to  the 
ranks  of  statesmen  and  heroes  to  an  extent  far  beyond  her  relative 
importance  in  wealth  and  population. 

It  is  eminently  proper  that  you  should  become  better  acquainted 
with  the  state  in  which  you  live — in  which  most  of  you  were  born 
— than  with  states  far  away  which  you  do  not  call  your  own. 

That  you  may  gain  this  additional  knowledge  of  your  own  state 
this  Supplement  has  been  prepared. 


THE  AUTHOR. 


Nashville,  Tennessee, 
May  11,  1904. 


v 


CONTENTS 


PAGB 

Location  and  Extent  ............  1 

Physiography  .............  1 

: 

i Grand  Divisions  .............  6 

Drainage  . 7 

Climate 10 

Soil 13 

Mineral  Resources  ............  14 

Agricultural  Resources  ...........  21 

Manufacturing  .............  28 

Transportation  Routes  ...........  29 

Cities  and  Towns 31 

Government  ..............  46 

History  ..............  47 

Education 50 

Appendix  A.  Counties  of  Tennessee  arranged  by  Grand  Divisions  . 55 

Appendix  B.  Population  of  Incorporated  Towns  and  Villages  of  Ten- 
nessee and  the  Counties  in  which  they  are  situated, 
respectively,  1900  58 

vii 


TENNESSEE 


Location  and  Extent 

Turn  to  the  map  of  the  United  States  and  notice  that  the  state 
of  Tennessee  lies  in  the  Mississippi  basin,  about  midway  between 
the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  belongs  to  the  group 
of  states  known  as  the  Southern  States,  and  is  the  only  one  of  this 
group  situated  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  which  has  no  coast  line. 
It  has  an  oblong  form,  with  its  length  nearly  four  times  its  width. 
Tennessee  extends  from  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  west,  to  the 
crest  of  the  Unaka  Mountains,  on  the  east,  a distance  of  about  400 
miles.  Its  southern  boundary  is  the  35th  parallel  of  north  latitude, 
and  its  northern  boundary  lies  for  the  most  part  a little  north  of  36° 
30'  north  latitude,  thus  giving  the  state  an  approximate  average 
width  of  100  miles.  Its  greatest  width  is  109  miles.  Notice  also 
that  it  borders  on  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Missouri, 
Arkansas,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  and  Georgia.  Has  any  other  state 
so  many  border  states?  The  total  area  of  Tennessee  is  41,750 
square  miles.  (United  States  Survey.) 

Physiography 

An  examination  of  the  relief  map  of  Tennessee  (Fig.  1)  reveals 
eight  prominent  physical  features,  a correct  knowledge  of  which  is 
indispensable  to  a thorough  understanding  of  many  important  facts 
which  will  be  learned  later,  relating  to  drainage,  soil,  climate,  nat- 
ural resources,  industries,  and  other  points.  As  each  of  these  is 
studied,  the  pupil  should  refer  to  the  relief  map. 

l 


TENNESSEE 


2 

On  eacli  side  of  tlie  Mississippi  River  lies  a strip  of  very  fertile 
lowland,  extending  from  the  Ohio  River  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
much  of  which  is  subject  to  overflow  in  time  of  high  water.  This 
lowland  plain  is  known  as  the  Mississippi  Bottoms.  That  part  of 
it  lying  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river,  10  or  12  miles  in  average 
width  and  included  within  the  boundaries  of  Tennessee,  constitutes 


Fig.  3.  — River  Front  at  Memphis. 

Notice  the  bend  in  the  Mississippi  River,  with  the  Arkansas  Bottoms  in  the  distance. 

the  first  great  physical  feature  of  the  state.  Its  height  above  sea- 
level  is  not  more  than  250  feet. 

Ascending  a line  of  bluffs  which  skirt  the  eastern  edge  of  this 
section,  we  find  a highland  region  known  as  the  Plateau  of  West 
Tennessee,  the  second  great  physical  feature.  This  plateau  is  about 
85  miles  in  width,  and  gradually  increases  in  altitude  from  350  feet 
at  the  bluffs  to  650  at  its  eastern  edge.  It  has  an  average  alti- 
tude of  from  400  to  500  feet. 


PHYSIOGRAPHY 


3 


East  of  this  plateau  lies  a narrow  valley  through  which  the  Ten- 
nessee River  flows  northward  across  the  state  to  the  Ohio  River. 
This  third  physical  feature  is  known  as  the  Western  Valley  of  the 
Tennessee  River.  Its  average  altitude  is  not  more  than  380  feet. 
Its  average  width  is  10  or  12  miles. 

■ Crossing  the  Western  Valley  of  the  Tennessee,  we  again  ascend 
to  a highland  region  400  feet  above  the  valley.  This  region, 
which  forms  a part  of  the  fourth  physical  feature,  is  compara- 
tively level  and  extends  eastward  for  about  30  miles,  where  there 
is  a vast  depression  60  miles  in  width  and  300  feet  in  average 
depth,  with  terraced  slopes.  This  fifth  physical  feature  is  called 
the  Central  Basin.  Geolo- 
gists tell  us  it  was  once 
a great  lake.  Nashville, 
the  capital  of  the  state, 
is  situated  in  it. 

As  we  pass  out  of  the 
Central  Basin  toward  the 
east,  we  find  another  high- 
land region  similar  to  that 
adjoining  the  depression 
on  the  west.  When  taken 
together,  these  highlands 
surrounding  the  basin  are 
called  the  Highland  Rim, 
the  fourth  physical  fea- 
ture. 

East  of  the  Highland 
Rim  we  ascend  more  than 

. , -\  c i , Waterfall  over  the  Highland  Rim  into  the  Central 

a thousand  feet  to  an  Basin. 

elevated  plateau  known 

as  the  Cumberland  Table-land.  This  table-land  is  a continuation 


4 


TENNESSEE 


of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  of  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia. 
Its  width  is  about  50  miles,  its  altitude  is  about  2000  feet,  and  its 
surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys.  It  is  the  sixth  physical 
feature  of  the  state. 


Fig.  5. 

Lookout  Mountain  and  the  Tennessee  River. 

Lying  east  of  the  Cumberland  Table-land,  and  a thousand  feet 
below  it,  is  the  seventh  physical  feature,  called  the  Valley  of  East 
Tennessee,  50  miles  in  width,  and  extending  across  the  state  in  a 
northeasterly-southwesterly  direction.  In  this  valley  are  numerous 
ridges  parallel  to  its  length,  which  form  a succession  of  minor  valleys, 
many  of  which  are  very  fertile  and  beautiful.  Through  this  great 
valley  the  Tennessee  River  runs  in  a southwesterly  direction  across 
the  state. 


PHYSIOGBAPHY 


5 


At  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Valley  of  East  Tennessee  lies  the 
eighth  and  last  great  physical  feature  of  the  state.  It  consists 
principally  of  from  two  to  four  mountain  ridges  running  parallel 
with  the  valley.  These  mountain  ridges  compose  the  Unaka  Range, 
which  is  the  greatest  mountain  range  in  the  Appalachian  system. 
It  is  the  largest  mountain  mass  in  the  United  States  east  of  the 
Mississippi  River.  The  easternmost  ridge  has  an  average  height 
above  sea-level  of  5000  feet. 

Along  the  highest  crest  of  this  mountain  ridge  runs  the  state  line  which 
separates  Tennessee  from  North  Carolina.  This  crest,  about  10  or  12  miles 
in  average  width,  is  a continuation  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.  Within  Tennessee  its  different  ridges  are 
known  as  the  Unaka  Mountains,  Great  Smoky  Mountains,  Bald  Mountains, 
and  Stone  Mountains.  Find  them  on  the  map  (Fig.  2). 

The  highest  point  in  Tennessee  is  Mt.  Guyot,  6636  feet  above  sea-level. 

‘ It  is  situated  near  the  boundary  line  of  Tennessee  and  North  Carolina, 
between  Sevier  and  Cocke  counties.  If  North  America  should  sink 
beneath  the  sea,  the  last  point  in  Tennessee  to  disappear  would  be  Mt. 
Guyot,  and  while  its  summit  could  be  seen  still  above  the  surface,  the 

5000  ft. 


Fig.  6. -Cross-section  of  Tennessee  — West  to  East. 

Notice  that  the  average  height  above  sea-level  is  shown  for  each  physical  feature. 

i 

? Mississippi  Bottoms  would  be  more  than  a mile  and  a quarter  below. 
I1  Compare  the  height  of  Mt.  Guyot  with  that  of  Mt.  Mitchell  in  North 
• Carolina  and  of  Mt.  Washington  in  New  Hampshire. 


6 


TENNESSEE 


In  Figure  6,  which  is  a cross-section  of  the  state  from  west  to  east, 
the  relative  height  of  these  physical  features  is  graphically  shown.  Their 
relative  areas  appear  in  the  relief  map  (Fig.  1).  What  is  the  proportion 
of  the  area  of  each  to  that  of  the  state  as  a whole  ? The  following  table 
gives  the  approximate  area  of  each  feature  in  square  miles : — 


Mississippi  Bottoms  .........  900 

Plateau  of  West  Tennessee  8800 

Western  Valley  of  Tennessee  River 1200 

Highland  Rim  9300 

Central  Basin  5400 

Cumberland  Table-land 5000 

Valley  of  East  Tennessee  ........  9000 

The  Unaka  Mountains 2400 


Grand  Divisions 

Early  settlers  referred  to  all  that  portion  of  the  state  lying  west 
of  the  Cumberland  Table-land  as  “ West  Tennessee  ” and  to  that  east 
of  it  as  “ East  Tennessee.”  Later,  in  1818,  the  territory  now  known 
as  West  Tennessee  was  acquired  by  a treaty  made  by  General  Jack- 
son  with  the  Chickasaw  Indians.  “ West”  was  applied  to  this  part, 
and  the  name  “Middle”  was  given  to  the  portion  lying  between  it 
and  the  Cumberland  Table-land,  originally  known  as  West  Tennessee. 
Thus  came  about  the  three  civil  or  political  divisions,  known  as  East, 
Middle,  and  West. 

East  Tennessee  comprises  all  the  territory  from  the  North 
Carolina  boundary  to  the  middle  of  the  Cumberland  Table-land  — 
about  13,500  square  miles.  Middle  Tennessee  extends  from  the 
middle  of  the  Cumberland  Table-land  to  the  Western  Valley  of 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  has  an  area  of  about  18,100  square  miles. 
West  Tennessee  extends  from  the  Western  Valley  of  the  Tennessee 
to  the  Mississippi  River,  and  has  an  area  of  about  10,500  square 
miles.  In  which  division  do  you  live? 


Fig.  A.  — On  its  Way  to  the  Tennessee  Eiver 
down  Lookout  Mountain. 


Fig. 


DRAINAGE 


7 


Drainage 

The  water  of  all  the  rivers  of  Tennessee  ultimately  reaches 
the  Mississippi  River  except  in  the  case  of  a few  streams  in  the 
southeastern  corner  of  the  state,  the  waters  of  which  flow  through 
Georgia  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  general  course  of  the  rivers  of  Tennessee  is  westerly.  Why  ? 
(See  Fig.  C.)  Study  the  map  of  Tennessee  (Fig.  C ) and  make  a 
list  of  the  principal  rivers. 

The  rivers  upon  the  Plateau  of  West  Tennessee  are  comparatively 
short  and  flow  directly  into  the  Mississippi  River.  Why  ? (See 
Fig.  C on  opposite  page  and  last  paragraph  of  page  2.)  Most  of  the 
water  which  falls  upon  the  Highland  Rim  flows  into  the  Central 
Basin  through  tributaries  of  the  Cumberland,  Elk,  and  Duck  rivers. 
Each  of  these  rivers  lias  cut  entirely  through  the  surrounding  Rim, 
and  together  they  drain  the  Basin  through  narrow  gorges. 

The  Cumberland,  after  passing  in  and  out  of  the  Basin,  flows  northwest- 
erly through  Kentucky  into  the  Ohio  River.  The  Elk  flows  southwesterly 
into  the  Tennessee  River.  The  Duck  flows  in  a westerly  direction,  also 
into  the  Tennessee.  If  the  narrow  gorges  cut  through  the  Highland 
Rim  by  these  rivers  could  be  closed,  this  great  Central  Basin,  now  the 
most  fertile  and  productive  section  of  the  state,  would  become  a great  lake 
400  feet  in  depth,  with  the  Highland  Rim  as  its  shore  line.  Be  sure 
to  trace  the  courses  of  all  these  rivers. 

The  waters  of  the  Cumberland  Table-land  find  their  way  into 
the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  rivers,  principally  through  the 
Caney  Fork,  Sequatchie,  and  Emory  rivers.  Can  you  find  these 
rivers  on  the  map  ? All  the  rain  which  falls  upon  the  valley  of 
East  Tennessee  and  its  slope  flows  into  the  Tennessee  River. 

The  chief  tributaries  of  this  river  are  the  Clinch,  French  Broad, 
and  Holston.  Locate  them  on  the  map  (Fig.  0).  Numerous  other 
large  streams  enter  the  Tennessee  in  its  southwesterly  course  through 
this  great  valley.  At  Chattanooga  the  Tennessee  River  cuts  through 


8 


TENNESSEE 


that  arm  of  the  Cumberland  Table-land  lying  between  the  valley  of  East 
Tennessee  and  the  Sequatchie  Valley,  forming  scenery  both  grand  and 
picturesque.  Look  at  the  relief  map  (Fig.  1)  and  find  this  arm. 


Fig.  7. 

Falls  of  the  Caney  Fork  River,  showing  the  gorge  through  which  it  has  cut  its  way  from  the 
Cumberland  Table-land  to  the  Highland  Rim. 

The  Tennessee  River  flows  into  Alabama  near  Bridgeport,  but  returns 
to  Tennessee,  150  miles  farther  west,  and  flowing  across  the  state  a 
second  time,  finally  unites  with  the  Ohio  River  near  Paducah,  Kentucky. 
The  Tennessee  River  drains  two-thirds  of  the  state  and  furnish.es  320 
miles  of  navigable  water.  Turn  to  the  map  (Fig.  2)  and  trace  the 
Tennessee  River  as  it  first  crosses  the  state.  In  what  direction  is  it 


DRAINAGE 


9 


flowing?  Name  the  valley.  Find  where  it  again  enters  the  state.  In 
what  direction  does  it  flow  now?  Through  what  valley? 

The  Cumberland  River  has  not  so  great  a volume  of  water  as  the  Ten- 
nessee, but  is  remarkable  for  being  navigable  for  518  miles  — 315  of 


Fig.  8. 

Moccasin  Bend,  in  the  Tennessee  River  near  Chattanooga. 


which  are  in  Tennessee.  It  rises  in  the  eastern  part  of  Kentucky,  flows 
southwesterly  into  Tennessee,  cuts  the  Highland  Rim,  and  enters  the 
Central  Basin,  passing  Nashville,  thence  flows  northwesterly  until  it 
reenters  Kentucky,  and  joins  the  Ohio  River  but  a few  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Tennessee.  (See  Fig.  C,  facing  page  7.) 


10 


TENNESSEE 


The  Mississippi  River  forms  the  entire  western  boundary  of  the 
state  and  furnishes  navigable  water  for  a distance  of  200  miles. 

In  all,  there  are  approximately  1200  miles  of  navigable  streams 
in  Tennessee  (Fig.  2),  more  in  proportion  to  its  area  than  has  any 
other  state  in  the  Union.  Of  what  advantage  is  this?  The  state 
is  rich  in  water-courses,  every  section  being  well  supplied  with 
streams,  — some  broad,  deep,  and  sluggish,  suitable  for  navigation, 
others  narrow,  shallow,  and  rapid,  contributing  valuable  water 
power.  Where  would  you  expect  to  find  the  streams  with  the 
best  water  power  ? Why  ? 

In  the  western  part  of  the  state  there  are  several  lakes,  the  largest 
and  most  important  of  which  is  Reelfoot,  which  separates  Lake  and 
Obion  counties.  This  lake  is  18  miles  long  and  7 miles  wide, 
and  for  the  most  part  is  very  shallow.  It  is  really  a submerged 
forest  formed  during  an  earthquake  in  1811.  (Fig.  (7,  facing  page  7.) 

Climate 

The  climate  of  Tennessee  is  both  healthful  and  delightful  and  is 
one  of  its  chief  and  charming  attractions. 

The  mean  annual  temperature  for  the  eastern  section  is  about 
57°;  for  the  middle  section,  60°;  and  for  the  western  section,  61°. 
For  the  whole  state  the  mean  temperature  for  the  year  is  59°.  But 
this  does  not  give  a very  accurate  notion  of  the  climate  during  any 
particular  season,  since  it  includes  them  all.  For  instance,  the  mean 
annual  temperature  for  Tennessee  is  the  same  as  that  of  southern 
Europe  and  of  the  tea-growing  sections  of  China  and  Japan  ; yet  the 
climates,  for  each  season,  are  so  different  that  the  products  which 
make  these  countries  famous  cannot  be  grown  in  Tennessee.  An 
equal  average  heat  for  the  year  does  not  indicate  a sameness  for  sum- 
mer, autumn,  winter,  and  spring.  The  variations  in  heat  in  southern 
Europe  are  not  so  great  as  in  Tennessee.  The  summers  of  Tenues- 


CLIMATE 


11 


see  are  hotter  and  the  winters  colder.  The  orange  and  the  olive  will 
not  live  and  bear  fruit  in  our  climate,  because  the  winters  are  too 
cold.  But  for  plants  that  require  a higher  degree  of  heat  — such  as 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  cotton  — Tennessee  far  surpasses  the  coun- 
tries of  southern  Europe. 

If  we  take  the  mean  temperature  of  one  season,  summer  for  instance, 
we  shall  find  it  not  the  same  for  different  sections  of  the  state.  Notice 
in  the. following  table  how  the  mean  summer  temperature  varies  in  the 
different  sections  : — 

62°  in  Unaka  section ; 

72°  in  Valley  of  East  Tennessee; 

70°  in  Cumberland  Table-land; 

77°  in  Central  Basin  ; 

78°  in  Plateau  of  West  Tennessee. 

These  figures  show  that  there  is  a difference  of  16°  between  the  average 
summer  temperatures  of  the  eastern  and  western  borders  of  the  state. 
This  is  due  to  the  difference  in  their  elevation  above  the  sea.  Where 
would  you  prefer  to  spend  the  summer  ? 

The  extreme  summer  temperature  of  Tennessee  is  not  so  high 
as  in  the  Northern  States,  but  there  are  more  days  of  summer 
weather.  The  temperature  in  Tennessee  rarely  exceeds  92°. 

A still  better  knowledge  of  the  climate  of  Tennessee  can  be 
obtained  by  an  examination  of  the  mean  temperatures  for  the  sev- 
eral months,  which  are  approximately  as  follows : — 


January  . 

. 38° 

July  . . . 

. 77° 

February  . 

. 41° 

August 

. 75° 

March 

. 48° 

September  . 

. 70° 

April  . 

. 59° 

October 

. 59° 

May  . . . 

. 67° 

November  . 

. 47° 

June  . 

. 74° 

December  . 

. 41° 

The  lowest  recorded  temperatures  in  the  state  were  in  February,  1895 
and  1899,  when  the  thermometer  ranged  from  10°  to  15°  below  zero.  This 
condition  was  caused  by  a cold  wave  from  the  northwest,  which  destroyed 


12 


TENNESSEE 


many  of  the  orange  groves  of  Florida  and  Louisiana.  More  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  year  Tennessee  has  a temperature  above  50°,  and  there  is 
rarely  a day  in  the  year  in  which  one  may  not  do  outdoor  work  without 
discomfort  by  reason  of  heat  or  cold. 

Frosts  seldom  occur  in  the  spring  later  than  the  middle  of  April,  and  in 
the  fall  earlier  than  the  middle  of  October ; consequently  farmers  can  plant 
long  before  those  living  farther  north,  and  harvest  much  later  in  the  fall. 

The  average  rainfall  for  the  year  is  52  inches.  Of  this,  spring 
receives  14  inches,  summer  13  inches,  autumn  10  inches,  and  winter 
15  inches.  This  distribution  of  rainfall  protects  Tennessee  from 
either  a wet  or  an  arid  climate.  It  is  sufficient  to  insure  a vigorous 
growth  of  vegetation  without  interfering  with  its  proper  cultivation. 
The  heaviest  rainfall  occurs  during  the  growing  season  and  the  least 
during  the  time  for  gathering  the  crops. 


Fig.  9.  — Lookout  Inn. 

This  hotel  is  situated  on  the  summit  of  Lookout  Mountain,  about  three  miles 
from  Chattanooga. 


SOIL 


13 


As  a result  of  the  low  summer  temperature  in  the  Unaka  region  and 
the  Cumberland  Table-land  many  people  from  all  parts  of  the  South  go 
there  to  spend  their  summers.  This  has  led  to  the  erection  there  of  a large 
number  of  summer  hotels.  Among  these  summer  resorts  are  Lookout 
Mountain,  Loan  Mountain,  Tate  Springs,  Oliver  Springs,  and  Monteagle. 

Soil 

Tennessee  has  a great  variety  of  soils,  which  can  be  best  explained 
and  understood  by  again  referring  to  the  physical  features  of  the 
state. 

Beginning  with  the  Mississippi  Bottoms,  the  soil  is  alluvial,  deep, 
and  of  great  fertility.  When  all  of  this  section  shall  have  been 
made  secure  from  the  invasion  of  high  water,  by  improvement  of  the 
levees,  and  when  all  the  lakes  and  swamps  shall  have  been  drained 
and  their  basins  brought  under  proper  cultivation,  it  will  be  the  most 
productive  part  of  the  state.  What  is  the  principal  lake  ? 

The  soils  of  the  Plateau  of  West  Tennessee  consist  of  clays, 
loams,  and  sands  which  are  very  mellow,  fertile,  and  productive. 

In  the  Western  Valley  of  Tennessee  the  soil  is  largely  alluvial 
and  fertile,  though  large  areas  in  this  section  are  covered  by  swamps. 

The  soil  of  the  Highland  Rim  is  more  varied  than  that  of  any 
other  division  of  the  state  because  of  the  variations  in  its  natural 
features.  The  surface  of  the  Rim  is  diversified  in  places  with  deep 
valleys  and  plains,  where  excellent  soils  are  found  ; yet  its  surface 
as  a whole  is  flat.  The  soil  which  most  prevails  here  is  derived 
from  the  crumbling  of  flinty  rock,  and  produces  what  are  called  the 
“ Barrens.” 

The  Central  Basin  has  what  is  known  as  a calcareous  soil, 
which,  with  the  exception  of  the  alluvial  soil,  surpasses  all  others 
in  durability  and  productiveness.  The  underlying  rock  is  lime- 
stone, which  has  produced  a soil  rich  in  all  the  elements  of  plant 
growth.  It  covers  one-fourth  of  the  surface  of  the  state,  much  of 


14 


TENNESSEE 


it  being  found  on  both  the  Highland  Rim  and  in  the  Western 
Valley  of  Tennessee. 

The  soil  of  the  Cumberland  Table-land  is  sandy,  thin,  and 
porous,  suitable  for  growing  fruits  and  vegetables. 

All  the  minor  valleys  of  the  great  valley  of  East  Tennessee  have 
a fertile,  calcareous  soil  like  that  in  the  Central  Basin.  Alluvial 
soils  are  found  also  near  the  Tennessee  River  and  its  tributaries 
throughout  this  section  of  the  state. 

In  the  Unaka  division  of  the  state  the  soil  is  what  is  known 
as  a granite  soil,  sandy,  micaceous,  and  mellow,  less  productive 
than  most  soils,  yet  excellent  for  pasturage,  meadow  grasses,  and 
potatoes.  Find  what  is  meant  by  “alluvial,”  “calcareous,” 
“ loamy,”  and  make  a collection  of  all  the  soils  mentioned. 


Mineral  Resources 

Coal  is  the  most  important  mineral  product  of  Tennessee.  The 
coal  fields  of  this  state  embrace,  practically,  the  whole  of  the  Cum- 
berland Table-land.  See  mineral  map  (Fig.  10).  What  is  the 
area  of  this  physical  feature  ? It  is  estimated  that  throughout 


MINERAL  RESOURCES 


15 


this  table-land  there  are  8,000,000  tons  of  coal  to  the  square  mile. 
How  many  tons  of  coal  are  there,  then,  in  this  section  of  the  state  ? 
At  present  over  3,000,000  tons  of  Tennessee  coal  are  mined 
annually.  At  this  rate  how  long  will  it  take  to  exhaust  the  coal 
of  Tennessee  ? 


Fig.  11. — Coal  Mine  in  Walden’s  Ridge,  at  Rockwood. 

The  entrance  to  the  mine  can  he  seen  just  behind  the  cars,  which  are  drawn  out  of  the  mine 
by  means  of  an  endless  chain. 


There  are  at  present  (1904)  168  coal  mines  in  the  state,  which 
employ  nearly  10,000  mine  workers.  When  you  first  studied  the 
eight  great  physical  features  of  the  state,  perhaps  you  regarded  the 
Cumberland  Table-land  as  of  little  value,  and  possibly  you  thought 
of  it  as  an  unfortunate  barrier  to  passing  from  the  eastern  to  the 
western  section  of  the  state.  You  now  know  that  it  is  a great 
storehouse  of  immense  wealth  for  the  state,  conveniently  located 
for  all  sections.  Much  of  the  coal  mined  is  shipped  to  other 


16 


TENNESSEE 


states.  Some  of  the  principal  mining  centres  are  Tracy  City, 
Bon  Air,  Coal  Creek,  Jellico,  and  Whitwell. 

You  learned  when  studying  about  the  Middle  Atlantic  States  that  when 
coal  is  placed  in  ovens  and  its  gases  burned  away,  coke  is  left,  which  is 
extensively  used  in  the  manufacture  of  iron.  Do  you  remember  how 
many  kinds  of  coal  there  are  ? Collect  specimens  of  coal  and  coke. 
Large  coke  ovens  are  located  at  Dayton,  Whiteside,  Rockwood,  and 
other  places,  though  the  amount  of  coke  produced  is  not  sufficient  for 
home  consumption. 


Coal-producing  Counties 


Claiborne  . 

Campbell  . 

Anderson  . 

Morgan 

Marion 

Grundy 

Hamilton  . 

Rhea  . 

White 

Cumberland 

Roane 

Scott  . 

Overton 

Sequatchie . 

Bledsoe 

Total  . 


Tons 

775,986 

710,564 

595,867 

538,787 

504,032 

471,073 

275,734 

225,340 

159,423 

157,792 

129,540 

115,429 

84,930 

44,668 

21,584 

4,810,749 


Value 

$1,058,387 

845,031 

817,300 

692,098 

669,908 

563,728 

344,339 

244,930 

201,548 

190,441 

180,847 

168,723 

119,755 

61,367 

25,322 

$6,173,724 


ihe  iron  ores  of  lennessee  are  confined  mostly  to  three  belts  (see 
mineral  map,  big.  10)  : one  along  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Valley  of 
Last  lennessee,  at  the  foot  of  the  Unaka  Mountains  ; another  on  the 
western  side  of  the  same  valley,  near  the  base  of  the  Cumberland 
Table-land ; and  a third  on  the  Highland  Rim,  west  of  the  Central 
Basin. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES 


1 


Fig.  12.  — Coke  Ovens  at  Rockwood. 

The  smoke  in  the  picture  comes  from  the  burning  of  the  gases  in  the  coal.  As  a rule,  only 
the  siftings,  or  “ run  of  the  mine,”  is  used  for  making  coke. 


Iron-producing  Counties 


Roane 

Polk 

Lawrence 
Lewis 
Campbell . 
Wayne 
Hickman  . 

Meigs 
Marion 
Stewart  . 
Johnson  . 

Cocke 

Total 


Tons 

239,366 

115,799 

101,949 

71,110 

57,951 

34,242 

21,865 

20,862 

20,275 

18,000 

17,845 

2,000 

724,264 


Iron  ores  are  found  in  workable  quantities  in  more  than  40  counties  in 
Tennessee,  though  the  most  productive  mines  are  in  Roane,  Polk,  Law- 


18 


TENNESSEE 


rence,  Lewis,  Campbell,  Wayne,  Hickman,  Meigs,  Marion,  Stewart,  Johnson, 
and  Cocke  counties.  There  are  large  furnaces  for  the  reduction  of  the  ore 
at  Chattanooga,  South  Pittsburg,  La  Follette,  Dayton,  Rockwood,  Clarks- 
ville, and  other  points  adjacent  to  the  mining  regions.  The  La  Follette 
Coal,  Iron,  and  Railway  Company  in  Campbell  County  has  the  most  ex- 
tensive iron  furnace  ever  constructed  in  the  South. 


Fig.  13.  — An  Iron  Furnace  at  Clarksville. 

Notice  the  high  hill  of  slag  in  the  foreground.  Slag  is  what  remains  after  the  iron  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  ore. 


The  copper-bearing  district  of  Tennessee  is  in  Polk  County,  in  the 
extreme  southeastern  part  of  the  state  (Fig.  10),  and  is  confined  to  a 
mountain  basin  containing  about  40  square  miles.  This  region  is 
known  as  the  Ducktown  Copper  Mines.  In  1903  the  output  of  these 
mines  was  about  319,873  tons  of  ore,  valued  at  $719,714.  This  ore 
when  refined  had  a value  of  $1,809,011. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES 


19 


Zinc  is  an  important  mineral  product  of  the  state.  The  most 
extensive  deposit  of  zinc  ores  yet  found  is  in  the  Valley  of  East 
Tennessee  — in  Union,  Claiborne,  Knox,  and  Jefferson  counties 
(Fig.  10). 

Lead  is  found  in  East  Tennessee,  and  many  veins  have  been  dis- 
covered in  the  Central  Basin  (Fig.  10).  There  are  three  lead  mines 
in  the  state,  — two  in  Bradley  County  and  one  in  Williamson. 

Mining  for  gold  was  carried  on  for  many  years  in  Monroe  County,  and 
$170,000  has  been  coined  from  this  section,  but  these  mines  are  not  now 
in  active  operation. 

Oxide  of  manganese,  a mineral  resembling  iron,  is  found  in  small 
deposits  all  over  the  state.  It  is  mined  in  Carter  County  and  in  other 
counties  of  East  Tennessee.  When  mixed  with  iron  it  is  largely  used  in 
making  Bessemer  steel.  Can  you  suggest  to  what  place  this  ore  is  prob- 
ably shipped ? 

Copperas,  alum,  petroleum,  salt,  and  nitre  are  found  in  Tennessee,  and 
works  for  their  production  have  been  profitably  carried  on  at  different 
times. 

At  present  the  only  paying  oil  wells  are  in  Fentress  County  ; these  are 
connected  with  Wayne  County  (Kentucky)  oil  fields  by  a pipe  line. 

Tennessee  marble  is  famous  for  its  beauty  and  is  widely  used  in 
building  and  decoration.  Unlike  other  marble,  it  does  not  absorb 
soot,  sulphur  fumes,  tannin  from  overhanging  trees,  and  many  other 
impurities,  and  if  soiled,  it  can  be  cleaned  with  soap  and  water.  It 
is  found  in  East  and  Middle  Tennessee  (Fig.  10).  Twenty-five  or 
thirty  large  quarries  are  in  active  operation  in  the  state,  and  im- 
mense quantities  of  marble  are  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  United 
States.  Knoxville  is  the  centre  of  the  industry.  At  Rogersville 
there  is  a mine  of  variegated  marble  said  to  be  the  finest  in  the 
United  States.  Tennessee  ranks  third  among  all  the  states  in  the 
value  of  marble  produced.  The  annual  production  is  over  $500,000 
in  value. 


20 


TENNESSEE 


Granite  is  found  in  the  Unaka  section  of  East  Tennessee,  and  quarries 
of  the  gray  and  flesh-colored  varieties  could  be  opened  in  Johnson,  Wash- 
ington, and  Carter  counties. 

Sandstones  of  all  kinds  are  abundant  in  Tennessee.  The  same  is  true 
of  limestone.  Many  counties  furnish  large  quantities  of  rock  for  making 
the  best  quality  of  hydraulic  cement.  An  inexhaustible  supply  of  good 
roofing  slate  is  found  in  Polk,  McMinn,  Monroe,  Sevier,  and  Blount  coun- 
ties. Barytes  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  Sevier,  Cocke,  Greene,  Monroe, 
Bradley,  McMinn,  Roane,  and  Loudon  counties.  Large  mines  are  in  opera- 
tion at  Sweetwater,  Philadelphia,  and  Loudon.  Barytes  has  a pure  white 
color,  and  when  ground  is  used  for  paint.  It  is  used  also  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  paper  and  rubber,  and  in  the  preparation  of  a material  that  is  used 
to  coat  the  canvas  sacks  in  which  hams  are  wrapped  when  ready  for 
market. 

Lithographic  stone,  which  the  engravers  of  the  United  States  usually 
import  from  Germany,  has  been  recently  found  near  Cookeville  on  the 
Cumberland  Table-land. 

Numerous  deposits  of  fire-clay  and  potter’s  clay  occur  in  all  sections 
of  the  state.  Kaolin,  or  porcelain  clay,  is  also  found.  At  Chattanooga 
there  are  large  sewer-pipe  factories,  while  the  making  of  stone  ware  is 
a growing  industry  at  Paris,  Grand  Junction,  McKenzie,  and  other  places 
in  West  Tennessee. 

I lie  discovery  of  phosphate  rock  in  Middle  Tennessee  marks  an 
epoch  in  the  history  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  state.  The  first 
discovery  of  this  rock  in  Tennessee  was  in  1892  by  Major  Whit- 
thorne  of  Columbia.  The  amount  mined  in  1903  was  about  450,000 
tons,  valued  at  nearly  $1,500,000.  The  phosphates  are  largely  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  commercial  fertilizers. 

The  phosphate  rock  in  Tennessee  is  divided  into  three  classes,  — the 
blue  rock,  the  brown  rock,  and  the  white  rock.  The  blue  is  found  in 
Hickman  County;  the  brown  in  Hickman,  Maury,  Sumner,  and  Davidson 
counties ; the  white  in  Perry  and  Decatur  counties.  Since  the  discovery 
of  this  rock  in  Tennessee  9,727,834  tons  have  been  mined,  valued  at 
$7,484,639. 


AGRICULTURAL  RESOURCES 


21 


Phosphate  Production  in  1903 

Tons  Tons 

Davidson  County  . . . 1,784  I Maury  County  . . . 404,878 

Hickman  County  . . . 22,048  | Sumner  County  . . . 16,800 


Mineral  Statistics  of  Tennessee  for  1903 


Mineral 

Production 

Value 

Expended  for 
Labor 

Average 
Number  of 
Employees 

Coal,-  tons  .... 

4,810,758 

$6,173,724 

$4,185,907 

9,673 

Coke,  tons  .... 

547,109 

1,693,292 

200,796 

696 

Iron,  tons ..... 

724,264 

878,909 

511,248 

1,580 

Barytes,  tons  .... 

14,185 

49,618 

17,475 

129 

Copper,  tons  .... 

319,873 

719,714 

496,485 

986 

Fluor  spar,  tons 

1,000 

11,250 

1,500 

10 

Lead,  tons  .... 

800 

5,760 

2,000 

9 

Zinc,  tons  .... 

204 

6,120 

4,000 

60 

Marble,  cubic  feet  . 

321,000 

438,450 

108,252 

405 

Phosphate,  tons 

445,510 

1,434,660 

625,604 

2,271 

$11,411,497  1 

$6,154,067 

15,819 

Look  at  Fig.  10.  Cover  with  paper  the  counties  which  contain  the  coal 
squares  (■).  What  parts  of  the  state  are  not  covered  ? Do  the  same  with 
the  iron  triangles  ( j ),  and  the  phosphate  crosses  (+)•  Make  a list  of 
counties  in  which,  two  minerals  are  mined ; another  list  of  counties  contain- 
ing three  minerals.  Name  the  minerals  in  each  case.  Do  you  find  any 
minerals  in  West  Tennessee  ? What  counties  would  you  visit  to  find  zinc  ? 
Marble  ? Lead  ? 

Agricultural  Resources 

Tennessee  lies  in  both  the  warm  and  the  cool  belt.  Its  plant 
life,  therefore,  partakes  of  that  which  belongs  to  each.  Its  flora 
includes  nearly  all  the  plants  found  in  states  north  and  south  of  it. 
Trees  and  plants  which  grow  in  the  forests  and  valleys  of  the  Ohio 
River  thrive  equally  well  in  Tennessee.  Cotton,  the  staple  product 
of  the  Gulf  States,  is  also  extensively  grown  in  this  state. 

1 This  total  value  is  an  increase  over  1902  of  $1,266,974  and  exceeds  that  of  any 
previous  year  in  the  history  of  the  state, 


99 


TENNESSEE 


Fig.  14.  — Agricultural.  Map  of  Tennessee. 

The  student  should  remember  that  this  map  attempts  to  show  for  the  various  products  only 
the  counties  in  which  they  are  raised  in  large  quantities. 


In  the  gross  value  of  her  agricultural  products  Tennessee  is  sec- 
ond only  to  Texas  among  the  Southern  States.  The  value  of  the 
farm  products  in  1899  was  more  than  three  hundred  and  forty 
millions  of  dollars  (#341,202,025),  being  greater  than  that  of  any 
other  Southern  state  except  Texas.  Why  should  Texas  exceed 
Tennessee  in  this  respect  ? 

In  studying  the  agricultural  resources  of  Tennessee  we  will  begin, 
as  before,  with  that  part  of  the  state  nearest  sea-level  — the  Missis- 
sippi Bottoms.  As  we  travelled  eastward  across  the  eight  chief 
physical  features,  we  found  that  they  greatly  influence  the  drainage, 
soil,  and  climate  of  our  state.  We  shall  learn  also  that  the  prod- 
ucts of  the  soil  are  largely  determined  by  these  physical  features. 

The  Mississippi  Bottoms  support  a luxuriant  vegetation  that  is 
semitropical.  The  timber  consists  largely  of  cypress  and  cotton- 
Avood.  By  reason  of  the  great  fertility  of  the  soil,  enormous  crops  of 
corn,  cotton,  and  hay  are  produced.  (See  agricultural  map,  Fig.  14.) 

Upon  the  elevated  lands  of  the  West  Tennessee  Plateau  is  found 
an  abundance  of  Avhite  and  red  oak,  hickory,  poplar,  and  gum.  In 


AGRICULTURAL  RESOURCES  23 

the  southern  part  of  this  section  the  staple  crop  is  cotton,  while 
corn  is  extensively  grown  in  the  northern  part.  Large  crops  of  pea- 
nuts, tobacco,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  raised  annually.  Strawberries 
and  other  small  fruits,  tomatoes,  and  vegetables  are  grown  as  field 
crops  for  market.  Early  apples,  peaches,  pears,  and  plums  are 


Fig.  15. — A Tobacco  Field  in  Montgomery  County. 

Notice  how  tall  the  tobacco  grows  by  comparing  its  height  with  that  of  the  men  in  the  picture. 

shipped  in  great  quantities  to  Northern  cities,  from  Memphis,  Jack- 
son,  Humboldt,  McKenzie,  and  many  other  places. 

In  the  Western  Valley  of  the  Tennessee  there  are  found  large 
forests  of  cypress.  The  counties  included  in  this  valley  annually 
produce  about  4,000,000  bushels  of  corn.  (See  Fig.  14.) 

The  forests  of  the  Central  Basin  include  oaks  of  many  varieties, 
hickory,  poplar,  chestnut,  cedar,  lime,  ash,  beech,  maple,  and  gum. 


24 


TENNESSEE 


Cotton  is  a staple  crop  in  a few  counties.  Corn,  oats,  rye,  barley, 
wheat,  tobacco,  and  hay  are  extensively  grown.  Fruits  and  vegeta- 
bles of  all  kinds  are  cultivated  with  profit. 


Fig.  16. — Tobacco  Barn  in  Montgomery  County. 

In  such  barns  the  tobacco  is  hung  to  “ cure  ” before  being  taken  to  the  warehouse  for  sale,  i 


The  forest  and  farm  productions  of  the  Highland  Rim  do  not 
differ  materially  from  those  of  the  Central  Basin  except  that,  owing 
to  a less  fertile  soil,  the  yield  is  often  smaller. 

The  Cumberland  Table-land  is  covered  with  some  of  the  finest  |! 
timber  in  the  state.  It  also  furnishes  excellent  pasturage  for  thou- 
sands of  cattle  and  hogs  that  require  only  such  care  as  is  necessary 


AGRICULTURAL  RESOURCES 


25 


to  keep  them  from  straying  away.  As  a result,  Tennessee  is  second 
only  to  Texas  and  Kentucky  among  the  Southern  States,  in  cattle- 
raising. Vegetables  and  fruits  are  successfully  cultivated,  and  in 
many  places  fair  crops  of  the  cereals  are  produced.  Blackberries, 
strawberries,  huckleberries,  and  cranberries  grow  wild  in  abundance. 
Ginseng  is  found  in  many  places. 


Fig.  17.  — Steawbeeky  Field  in  Rhea  County. 

A group  of  strawberry  pickers  in  foreground. 

The  strawberry  industry  of  Rhea  County,  for  example,  is  in  its  infancy, 
the  first  plants  being  set  out  about  the  year  1898.  Since  then  it  has  ad- 
vanced so  rapidly  that  now  it  is  one  of  the  principal  industries  of  the 
county.  The  climate  of  this  county  is  said  to  be  the  finest  in  the  world 
for  strawberries,  and  the  berries  raised  here  are  more  popular  in  Northern 


26 


TENNESSEE 


and  Eastern  markets  than  those  raised  in  any  other  section  of  the  South, 
both  the  size  and  flavor  being  superior. 

The  strawberries  are  picked  and  shipped  from  the  twenty-fifth  of 
April  to  the  first  of  June. 

For  shipping  they  are  placed  in  wooden  quart  cups,  24  cups  making  a 
crate.  The  yield  for  the  year  1903  was  about  150,000  crates,  which 
brought  an  average  price  of  $1.75  per  crate,  bringing  a revenue  to  the 
farmers  of  about  $275,000.  The  soil  in  any  part  of  the  county  is  well 
adapted  to  the  strawberry,  but  the  white,  gravelly  limestone  hills  produce 
the  finest  berries.  This  part  of  the  county  had  heretofore  been  of  very 
little  value  compared  with  the  rich  river  bottoms.  Now,  it  is  no  uncom- 
mon occurrence  for  $1200  worth  of  strawberries  to  be  shipped  from  a 
single  acre. 

Strawberry  pickers  come  into  the  county  from  a radius  of  30  or  40 
miles,  to  the  number  of  2000  or  3000  each  spring.  They  receive  on  an 
average  one  and  a half  cents  per  quart  for  picking. 

Tire  Valley  of  East  Tennessee  is  one  of  the  most  important 
agricultural  sections  of  the  state.  Cotton  is  grown  in  hut  a few 
counties,  and  in  them  only  to  a limited  extent.  Corn,  wheat,  rye, 
oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  hay,  and  potatoes  constitute  the  principal 
crops.  In  Greene  and  adjacent  counties  much  very  choice  tobacco  is 
raised.  Vegetables  of  every  kind  thrive  throughout  the  valley. 
The  apple,  peach,  pear,  plum,  cherry,  and  grape  bear  abundantly. 
Berries  of  all  kinds  grow  in  profusion.  Among  the  leading  ship- 
ping points  for  them  are  Dayton  and  Chattanooga. 

The  forest  trees  embrace  oaks  of  many  varieties,  together  with 
poplar,  hickory,  holly,  locust,  mulberry,  persimmon,  elm,  chestnut, 
ash,  beech,  walnut,  hemlock,  maple,  willow,  sycamore,  hackberry, 
catalpa,  cedar,  pine,  and  juniper. 

The  Unaka  region  has  little  to  claim  in  an  agricultural  way. 
Its  valleys  and  mountain  slopes  are  covered  with  great  forests  of 
hardwood  timber  and  have  thousands  of  acres  of  excellent  pasturage. 
Fair  crops  of  both  vegetables  and  cereals  are  grown  in  the  coves  and 
on  the  hillsides. 


AGRICULTURAL  RESOURCES 


AGRICULTURAL  STATISTICS,  1900 
Farm  Products 


Corn  .... 

. $28,059,508 

Wheat  .... 

7,882,697 

Oats  .... 

887,940 

Other  cereals  . 

84,447 

Potatoes  .... 

817,419 

Sweet  potatoes 

883,620 

Peas ..... 

. . 767,840 

Other  vegetables 

3,503,213 

Hay  and  forage 

. 0 

6,811,577 

Fruits  .... 

2,193,318 

Sorghum  cane  and  syrup 

637,129 

Cotton  . 

8,192,642 

Cotton  seed 

974,046 

Tobacco 

2,748,495 

Forest  products 

5,086,624 

Miscellaneous  . 

812,079 

Total 

. $70,745,242 

27 


Animal  Products 

AVool ,1263,779 

Dairy  products  ........  8,028,166 

Poultry  and  eggs  ........  7,398,075 

Honey  and  wax  ........  259,691 

Meat  products  ........  19,471,187 

Total $>35,421,187 

Leading  Corn-producing  Counties,  1900 

County  Bushels 

Gibson  ...........  1,988,480 

Obion  ...........  1,873,790 

Giles 1,798,040 

Weakley 1,741,560 

Maury  ..........  1,597,400 

Rutherford  ..........  1,465,300 

Lincoln  ..........  1,459,840 


28 


TENNESSEE 


County 
Shelby 
F ayette 
Tipton 
Lauderdale 


Leading  Cotton-producing  Counties,  1900 


Bales 

. 39,175 
. 25,881 
. 25,604 
. 15,929 


County 
Haywood  . 
Hardeman 
Madison  . 


Bales 

15,914 

13,197 

12,488 


In  Fig.  14,  cover  the  counties  containing  the  tobacco  squares  (■). 
Notice  what  parts  of  the  state  are  uncovered.  Notice  the  location  of  the 
chief  cotton  counties  (•)•  Compare  the  mineral  map,  Fig.  10,  with  the 
agricultural  map,  Fig.  14.  How  do  the  mineral  and  agricultural  products 
compare  in  relative  location  ? 

Manufacturing 

You  have  already  learned  of  the  wonderful  resources  of  Tennes- 
see, and  it  has  occurred  to  you,  no  doubt,  that  a large  number  of  people 
must  be  engaged  in  tilling  the  soil  and  cultivating  the  crops,  in 
mining  the  coal,  iron  and  other  ores,  and  in  lumbering  in  the  forests. 
All  of  these  people  are  engaged  in  obtaining  “ raw  ” material  which 
must  be  converted  into  manufactured  products  before  it  can  meet  the 
needs  of  civilized  life.  Tennessee  ranks  ahead  of  Alabama,  Arkansas, 
Florida,  Georgia,  Mississippi,  North  Carolina,  and  South  Carolina 
in  the  value  of  her  manufactures.  As  you  would  naturally  expect, 
her  manufactures  are  diversified  and  widely  distributed,  those  based 
on  grain  and  lumber  predominating  in  the  central  and  western  sec- 
tions, and  those  based  on  minerals,  in  the  eastern  section.  The 
number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  Tennessee  manufactories  for 
1899  was  72,618. 

The  manufacture  of  food  products  is  the  most  important  in  the 
state.  In  1899  there  were  719  flour  mills,  and  Tennessee  stood 
ahead  of  all  other  Southern  states  in  the  value  of  its  flour  products. 
The  manufacture  of  lumber  products  ranks  second  in  importance. 
However,  many  more  wage-earners  are  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
lumber  than  in  that  of  flour  and  other  food  products.  In  1899  there 
were  11,192  engaged  in  the  former  work  and  only  1154  in  the  latter. 


TRANSPORTATION  ROUTES 


29 


The  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel  ranks  third  in  importance,  and, 
in  1899,  gave  employment  to  1979  wage-earners.  Foundries  and 
machine  shops  employed,  for  the  same  year,  3116  wage-earners, 
textile  manufactories  4251,  railroad  shops  2817,  manufacture  of 
tobacco  1237,  manufacture  of  leather  803,  while  planing  mills 
employed  1148. 

Manufactures  in  1899 


Food  products  ....... 

$26,286,835 

Textiles 

6,767,317 

Iron  and  steel  . 

9,819,440 

Lumber  ........ 

23,559,829 

Leather  and  its  products  ..... 

4,497,542 

Paper  and  printed  products 

3,719,542 

Liquors  and  beverages  ...... 

2,293,392 

Chemicals  (fertilizers,  etc.) 

6,649,108 

Clay,  glass,  and  stone  products  .... 

2,056,386 

Metal  and  metal  products  ..... 

1,308,700 

Tobacco  and  its  products  ..... 

3,010,602 

Vehicles 

5,339,186 

Ship-building  ....... 

8,097 

Hand  trades  ....... 

8,280,691 

Miscellaneous  ....... 

4,518,898 

$108,144,565 

Transportation  Routes 

For  many  years  after  Tennessee  was  settled,  its  products  were  trans- 
ported to  market  by  flat-boating  them  down  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland 
rivers  to  the  Ohio,  and  thence  to  the  cities  along  the  Mississippi  River. 
Much  of  the  produce  of  East  Tennessee  was  hauled  overland  in  “ road 
wagons  ” to  Louisville,  Lynchburg,  and  Baltimore,  and  exchanged  for 
other  things. 

Before  the  building  of  railroads,  the  United  States  mail  and  passengers 
were  carried  in  stage  coaches  over  these  wagon  routes,  which  were  the 
beginnings  of  our  “ pikes.” 

In  1818  The  General  Jackson,  the  first  steamboat  operated  in  Tennessee, 
came  up  the  Cumberland  River  to  Nashville. 


30 


TENNESSEE 


The  first  railroad  charter  granted  in  Tennessee  was  in  1835,  to  the 
La  Grange  and  Memphis  Railroad  Company.  The  second  railroad  charter 
was  granted  in  1836  to  the  “ Hiwassee  Railroad,”  afterward  known  as  the 
East  Tennessee  and  Georgia  Railroad.  This  railroad,  though  the  second 
chartered,  was  the  first  to  begin  construction.  Although  in  1837  the  first 
shovelful  of  dirt  was  thrown  up  near  Athens,  it  was  nearly  twenty  years 
(1856)  before  the  railroad  was  completed  and  operated  from  Knoxville  to 
Dalton,  Georgia.  The  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad  was  the  first 
in  the  state  to  operate  steam  locomotives.  As  early  as  1850,  the  first 
engine,  The  Tennessee,  was  run  over  the  few  miles  of  track  from  Nash- 
ville to  Antioch.  It  was  1854  before  through  trains  were  running  from 
Nashville  to  Chattanooga. 

To-day  Tennessee  lias  over  3000  miles  of  railroads,  giving  direct 
transportation  to  nearly  all  of  the  96  counties  in  the  state.  There 
are  several  main  or  trunk  lines,  which  it  would  be  well  for  you  to 
remember.  Trace  on  Figure  G (facing  page  7)  Nashville,  Chattanooga 
and  St.  Louis  Railroad,  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad,  Southern 
Railroad,  Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  and  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  Mobile 
and  Ohio  Railroad,  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  Tennessee  Central 
Railroad.  What  railway  is  nearest  your  home  ? Over  what  rail- 
ways would  you  travel  in  going  to  Nashville  ? To  Memphis  ? lo 
Knoxville  ? To  Chattanooga  ? 

The  two  great  rivers,  the  Tennessee  and  the  Cumberland,  afford 
over  600  miles  (635)  of  water  transportation.  Many  of  the  tribu- 
taries of  these  rivers  are  also  navigable.  There  are  in  all  1200  miles 
of  navigable  streams  in  Tennessee.  This  is  of  great  advantage  to 
the  people  of  the  state,  because  it  is  cheaper  to  carry  freight  on 


water  than  on  land. 


The  same  power  can  move  a greater  weight  through  water  than  on 
land.  Rivers  are  not  worn  out  by  transportation,  as  railroads  are.  They 
do  not  require  ties  and  rails,  neither  do  they  demand  constant  repairing. 
Heavy  and  bulky  articles,  such  as  grain,  coal,  iron  ore,  and  lumber,  are 
transported  largely  by  water.  But  when  the  articles  are  perishable, 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


31 


such,  as  fruits  or  fresh  meats,  when  the  commodities  must  be  delivered  at 
short  notice,  or  where  towns  remote  from  waterways  are  to  be  reached,  a 
more  convenient  and  rapid  mode  of  transportation  is  demanded,  and  rail- 
ways become  necessary. 


Fig.  18. 

Union  Depot  at  Nashville. 

Thus  you  see  why  navigable  rivers  lead  to  the  building  of  large 
cities  along  their  banks.  What  are  the  largest  cities  of  Tennessee  ? 
Where  are  they  located  ? Why  ? 

Cities  and  Towns 

The  population  of  Tennessee  in  1900  was  2.020,616.  Of  this 
number  about  430,000  were  in  the  incorporated  cities  and  towns 
(see  Appendix  B)  and  1,590,000  were  living  in  the  rural  districts. 


32 


TENNESSEE 


Thus  you  see  that  about  three-fourths  of  the  people  in  Tennessee 
live  in  the  country.  Would  you  expect  this,  knowing  that  it  is  an 
agricultural  state  ? 


Relative  Population  in  City  and  Country,  1900 


Population 

Per  Cent 

In  cities  of  100,000  and  over 

102,820 

5.1 

In  cities  of  2 

5,000  to  100,000 

143,656 

7.1 

In  cities  of  8,000  to  25,000  . 

23,942 

1.2 

In  cities  of  4,000  to  8,000 

15,968 

2.8 

In  cities  of  2 

500  to  4,000 

40,753 

2.0 

Total  in  cities  .... 

326,939 

16.2 

In  country 

. 1,693,677 

83.8 

Total 

. 2,020,616 

100.0 

Relative  Population, 

Native  and  Foreign 

Native 

Foreign 

Per  Cent  Native  Per 

Cent  Foreign 

2,002,870 

17,746 

99.1 

0.9 

Population,  White  and  Colored 

White 

Colored 

Male  . 

. 

771,905 

238,888 

Female 

750,222 

241,885 

Total 



. 1,522,127 

480,743 

5,020,616 


1,522,157 

480,743 

H 

TOTAL  POPULATION 

WHITE 

COLORED 

RELATIVE  POPULATION 


There  are  151  incorporated  cities  and  towns  in  Tennessee.  Of 
these  Memphis  alone  has  a population  in  excess  of  100,000,  being 
the  second  city  in  population  in  the  South.  What  is  the  largest 
city  ? Nashville,  Knoxville,  and  Chattanooga  are  the  cities  next  in 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


33 


size  in  Tennessee.  Notice  that  these  cities  are  all  situated  in 
different  parts  of  the  state. 

The  number  of  people  per  square  mile  (1900)  was  48.1,  making 
Tennessee  lead  all  Southern  states  except  Kentucky  in  density  of 
population. 

The  centre  of  population  of  Tennessee  is  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  Cannon  County,  near  Auburn  (see  Fig.  2). 


Density  of  Population  in  Southern  States 


Kentucky 
Tennessee 
Virginia  . 
South  Carolina 
West  Virginia 
North  Carolina 
Georgia  . 


Number  of 
Persons  per 
Square  Mile 

. 53.7 
. 48.4 
. 46.2 
. 44.4 
. 39.8 
. 39.0 
. 37.6 


Alabama  . 
Mississippi 
Arkansas . 

Indian  Territory 
Texas 
Oklahoma 
Florida  . 


Number  of 
Persons  per 
Square  Mile 

. . 35.5 

. 33.5 
. 24.7 
. 12.6 
. 11.6 
. 10.3 
. 9.7 


Memphis,  the  largest  city  in  Tennessee,  had  in  1900  a popula- 
tion of  102,320.  It  is  situated  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  in  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  state,  30  feet  above 
high  water.  It  is  the  largest  inland  cotton  market  in  the  world. 
It  is  also  the  largest  hardwood  lumber  market  in  the  United  States. 
It  manufactures  more  cottonseed  products  than  any  other  city  in  the 
world.  Over  15,000  persons  are  regularly  employed  in  its  hundreds 
of  factories  of  various  kinds.  The  only  bridge  spanning  the  Missis- 
sippi River  south  of  St.  Louis  is  here.  Memphis  has  more  regular 
steamboats  arriving  at,  and  departing  from,  its  landings  than  any 
other  city  on  the  Mississippi  River  or  its  tributaries,  being  the 
terminus  of  the  lines  from  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  Cairo,  Vicksburg, 
and  other  places.  Its  eleven  railroads  and  numerous  lines  of  steam- 
boats give  it  every  facility  needed  to  become  one  of  the  greatest 
commercial  centres  of  the  country.  Memphis  has  a hundred 
churches,  sixty -five  schools  and  colleges,  and  three  public  libraries. 


34 


TENNESSEE 


Nashville,  the  capital  of  the  state,  is  situated  in  the  Central 
Basin,  on  both  banks  of  the  Cumberland  River.  Its  population 
is  80,865.  It  is  the  largest  manufacturing  city  in  the  state.  Its 
manufacturing  industries  give  employment  to  over  10,000  persons 
and  distribute  annually  nearly  $3,000,000  in  wages.  It  has  the 


Fig.  19. 

Main  Street,  Memphis. 

largest  winter  wheat  flour  mills  in  the  South.  It  is  the  fourth  boot 
and  shoe  market  in  the  United  States.  The  wholesale  trade  of 
Nashville  amounts  annually  to  more  than  $72,000,000.  It  has  the 
largest  printing  and  publishing  business  of  any  city  in  the  South. 
As  an  educational  centre  Nashville  has  long  been  famous,  being 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


85 


known  as  “the  Athens  of  the  South.”  The  best  exterior  evidence 
of  culture  is  the  large  number  of  colleges.  Among  these  institu- 
tions are  the  University  of  Nashville,  Peabody  College  for  Teachers, 




Fig.  20.  — Railroad  Bridge  across  the  Mississippi  River  at  Memphis. 

This  bridge  is  built  of  steel,  and  is  high  enough  for  steamboats  to  pass  under  it.  The  cost 
of  the  bridge  was  about  $3,000,000. 

Vanderbilt  University,  three  medical  colleges,  two  dental  colleges, 
two  law  schools,  a school  of  pharmacy,  five  colleges  for  women, 
four  academies  for  boys,  three  commercial  colleges,  the  State  School 
for  the  Blind,  and  the  State  Industrial  School.  The  city  affords 


36 


TENNESSEE 


unexcelled  opportunities  for  the  education  of  colored  people. 
Among  the  institutions  devoted  to  this  work  are  Fisk  University, 

Walden  University,  Roger  Wil- 
liams University,  and  Meharry 
Medical  College. 

Chattanooga  is  situated  in  the 
southwestern  corner  of  the  Valley 
of  East  Tennessee,  near  the  foot 
of  the  Cumberland  Table-land, 
upon  the  banks  of  the  Tennessee 
River.  It  is  near  the  great  coal 
region  of  the  state  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  rich  deposits  of  iron 
and  other  ores.  It  is  a natural 
centre  for  iron  and  steel  man- 
ufactures. Why?  In  these 
industries,  together  with  the 
manufacture  of  machinery,  it 
Fig.  21.  leads  all  the  other  cities  of  the 

Tomb  of  General  Andrew  Jackson  at  “the  state.  It  is  the  centre  of  one  of 
Hermitage.”  near  Nashville.  , , , , , . . . . e 

the  largest  trucking  sections  ot 
Tennessee,  large  quantities  of  peaches,  vegetables,  and  strawberries 
being  shipped  annually  to  the  North.  It  is  a great  railroad  centre. 
Why  ? Its  railroad  facilities  with  its  navigable  river  give  Chatta- 
nooga commercial  advantages  that  are  rapidly  making  it  one  of  the 
leading  commercial  centres  of  the  South.  The  present  population  is 
30,151.  The  city  is,  however,  closely  surrounded  by  populous 
suburbs  that  really  belong  to  it,  which,  if  absorbed,  would  give 
Chattanooga  a population  of  at  least  50,000.  Nature  and  history 
have  combined  to  make  Chattanooga  famous.  Its  battlefields  and 
picturesque  surroundings  are  the  delight  of  tourists  and  annually 
attract  thousands.  The  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  and 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


37 


Fig.  22. 

Carnegie  Library,  Nashville. 


Chickamauga  battlefields  are  near  the  city  and  easy  of  access  by 
electric  cars. 


Fig.  23.  — Lumber  Yards  at  Chattanooga. 

The  lumber  in  the  picture  has  come  from  sawmills  along  the  rivers  of  this  region.  Large 
quantifies  of  it  are  exported  to  foreign  countries. 


38 


TENNESSEE 


Knoxville  is  situated  on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  almost  the 
geographical  centre  of  the  Valley  of  East  Tennessee.  Its  popula- 
tion is  32,637.  The  loca- 
tion of  the  city  makes  it 
the  natural  distributing 
centre  for  the  products  of 
the  fertile  section  sur- 
rounding it.  Knoxville  is 
one  of  the  oldest  cities  in 
the  state  and  was  the  first 
capital.  Its  wholesale 
trade  is  extensive  and  its 
railroad  connections  fur- 
nish ample  facilities  for 
shipping  goods  to  the  lead- 
ing markets.  It  is 
second  Hour-mill 
in  the  state.  It  has 
large  railway  shops. 
University  of  Tennessee, 
the  State  School  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  the  In- 
sane Asylum  for  the  East- 
ern division  of  the  state, 


tire 

city 

also 

The 


Fig.  24.  — Incline  Railway  up  Lookout  Mountain. 
As  one  car  goes  up  the  other  comes  down,  the  railway 
being  operated  by  a cable.  At  one  point  the  track 
has  a grade  of  nearly  two-thirds  of  a right  angle. 


and  Knoxville  College  for  colored  youth  are  in  Knoxville. 

Jackson  is  located  in  almost  the  geographical  centre  of  the  Plateau 
of  West  Tennessee,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Illinois  Central,  the 


Mobile  and  Ohio,  and  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  and  St.  Louis  rail- 
roads. Its  population  is  14,511.  The  Southwestern  Baptist  Uni- 
versity, the  Memphis  Conference  Female  Institute,  and  St.  Mary’s 
Catholic  School  are  located  at  Jackson;  also  Lane  College  for  col- 
ored students.  It  has  the  best  boiler  works  and  one  of  the  largest 
cotton  mills  in  the  state,  and  the  largest  skewer  factory  in  the 


Fig.  25. 

Bird’s-eye  view  of  business  section  of  Knoxville,  with  bridge  across  the  Tennessee  River  in  the  foreground. 


40 


TENNESSEE 


country.  In  addition,  the  shops  of  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad 
and  the  repair  shops  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  give  employment 
to  many  people.  Jackson  is  a flourishing,  growing  city,  surrounded 


Fig.  26. — Electro-chalybeate  Artesian  Well  at  Jackson. 

The  medicinal  properties  of  this  well  are  extraordinary. 

by  a fertile  region  noted  for  its  abundant  crops  of  corn,  cotton,  and 
fruits. 

Clarksville  is  situated  on  the  Highland  Rim,  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  Middle  Tennessee,  at  the  junction  of  the  Red  and  Cumber- 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


41 


Fig.  27. — A County  Road  near  Jackson. 

Madison  County  has  built  lately  a system  of  roads  unequalled  in  extent  in  the  South.  They 
are  doing  much  to  develop  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  community. 


Fig.  28. 

Clarksville,  showing  the  bluffs  along  the  Cumberland  River. 


42 


TENNESSEE 


land  rivers.  Its  population  is  9431.  The  Southwestern  Presbyterian 
University  is  located  here.  Clarksville  has  the  next  to  the  largest 
snuff  manufactory  in  the  country,  the  product  of  which  is  shipped  to 
all  parts  of  the  world.  It  has  also  large  blast  furnaces,  a button 
factory,  and  one  of  the  leading  manufactories  of  shuttle  blocks,  golf 
sticks,  and  other  articles.  Among  the  tobacco  markets  of  the  United 


Fig.  29.  — A Tobacco  Warehouse  at  Clarksville. 

This  is  the  largest  one  in  the  world ; in  it  can  be  stored  millions  of  pounds  of  tobacco. 


States,  Clarksville  is  subordinate  only  to  Louisville.  The  progres- 
siveness of  the  city  is  well  shown  by  its  excellent  electric  street-car 
system. 

Columbia,  the  county  seat  of  Maury  County,  is  situated  in  the 
Central  Basin,  on  Duck  River.  Its  population  is  6052.  It  is  a 
thrifty  city,  with  many  first-class  mercantile  establishments,  ample 
banking  facilities,  an  electric  light  plant,  waterworks,  and  good 
public  and  private  schools. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


43 


Murfreesboro  is  the  county  seat  of  Rutherford  County,  and  was 
for  several  years  the  capital  of  the  state.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
rich  farming  country  and  is  an  active  business  centre.  Its  popu- 


Fig.  30.  — Sampling  and  Selling  Tobacco  in  a Clarksville  Warehouse. 

Four  “hands”  of  tobacco  are  removed  from  each  hogshead,  and  by  these  samples  the 

tobacco  is  tested  and  sold. 


lation  is  3999.  The  famous  battle  of  Stone  River  occurred  near 
Murfreesboro. 

Cleveland  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Valley  of  East 
Tennessee,  on  the  Southern  Railroad.  Its  population  is  3850.  It 


44 


TENNESSEE 


has  many  beautiful  homes  and  is  notably  a place  of  refinement  and 
culture.  The  Centenary  College  for  ladies  is  located  here.  Cleve- 
land has  several  large  manufactories,  including  one  of  the  largest 
chair  factories  in  the  South  and  the  leading  coffin  factory  in  the 
state. 


Fig.  31.  — Paper  Mill  at  Bristol. 

This  mill  makes  paper  from  wood. 

Johnson  City  is  situated  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Valley  of 
East  Tennessee,  in  Washington  County.  It  has  a population  of 
4645.  It  is  a thriving  town  and  is  rapidly  growing  in  importance. 
In  the  suburbs  of  the  city  the  United  States  government  has  recently 
established  a National  Soldiers’  Home. 

Bristol  is  located  in  both  Tennessee  and  Virginia,  the  opposite 
sides  of  its  principal  street  being  in  different  states.  In  1900  the  total 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS 


45 


population  was  9850,  of  which  5271  lived  in  Tennessee.  Bristol  is 
an  important  railroad  centre,  and  is  surrounded  by  a territory  as  rich 
in  mineral  deposits  as  any  in  the  United  States.  It  has  important 
lumber  interests,  the  finest  tannery  in  the  South,  a factory  which 
makes  from  native  hickory  reed  chairs  in  close  imitation  of  rattan,  a 
large  paper  mill,  and  many  other  manufactories.  One  of  the  largest 
iron  furnaces  in  the  Southern  States  is  located  in  this  busjr  place. 


Fig.  32.  — Barytes  Mill  at  Bristol. 

The  large  piles  of  barytes  in  the  picture  came  from  Loudon,  Sweetwater,  and  other  places 
in  East  Tennessee.  In  this  mill  it  is  ground  into  powder  and  purified. 


Bristol  has  electric  lights  and  electric  street  cars,  two  telephone  sys- 
tems, fine  waterworks,  good  schools,  and  other  features  indicative  of 
a progressive  spirit. 

Union  City,  the  county  seat  of  Obion  County,  is  located  at  the 
junction  of  several  railroads  and  has  become  an  important  com- 
mercial city.  It  is  the  centre  of  one  of  the  richest  wheat  and  cotton 
producing  sections  of  the  state.  The  city  has  railroad  shops  and 
lumber  and  flour  mills,  as  well  as  many  other  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments where  articles  of  various  kinds  are  made.  The  population 
of  Union  City  is  3407. 


46 


TENNESSEE 


Government 

The  powers  of  the  government  of  Tennessee  are  divided  among 
three  distinct  departments  : the  legislative,  the  executive,  and  the 
judicial. 


Fig.  33. — State  Capitol  at  Nashville. 

At  the  right  of  the  Capitol  may  be  seen  the  bronze  statue  of  General  Andrew  Jackson, 

mounted  on  his  charger. 


The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a General  Assembly, 
which  consists  of  a Senate,  composed  of  33  members,  and  a House  of 
Representatives,  having  105  members,  all  of  whom  are  elected  for  a 
term  of  two  years.  This  General  Assembly  convenes  on  the  first 
Monday  in  January  of  odd  years.  The  sessions  are  limited  to  75 


BISTORT 


47 


days  each.  Extra  sessions  may  be  called  by  tbe  Governor,  and  are 
limited  to  20  days  each. 

Tbe  executive  power  of  the  state  is  vested  in  tbe  Governor, 
Secretary  of  State,  Comptroller,  Treasurer,  Commissioner  of  Agri- 
culture, Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Superintendent  of 
Prisons,  Commissioner  of  Labor,  State  Geologist,  and  Adjutant 
General.  Tbe  Governor  is  elected  by  tbe  people  for  a term  of  two 
years.  The  Secretary  of  State,  tbe  Treasurer,  and  tbe  Comptroller 
are  elected  by  tbe  Legislature  — tbe  Secretary  of  State  for  four  years, 
and  tbe  Treasurer  and  tbe  Comptroller  for  two  years.  Tbe  remain- 
ing officers  are  appointed  by  tbe  Governor. 

Tbe  judicial  power  of  tbe  state  is  vested  in  a Supreme  Court 
and  such  inferior  courts  as  tbe  Legislature  may  ordain.  Tbe 
Supreme  Court  consists  of  five  judges,  elected  by  tbe  people  for  a 
term  of  eight  years.  These  judges  designate  one  of  their  number 
to  preside  as  Chief  Justice. 

Tennessee  has  two  senators  in  tbe  United  States  Senate  and  ten 
representatives  in  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  state  is 
divided  into  ten  congressional  districts  (see  Appendix  A),  from 
each  of  which  a representative  is  elected.  In  which  district  do 
you  live  ? Tennessee  casts  twelve  electoral  votes  for  President  and 
Vice-president  of  tbe  United  States. 

History 

Tbe  land  which  we  now  call  Tennessee  was  originally  tbe  western 
part  of  North  Carolina,  which  state  at  one  time  extended  from  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean  to  the  Mississippi  River.  The  western  part,  now  called  Tennes- 
see, was  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  North  Carolina  in  1784.  A few 
months  later,  however,  before  the  United  States  had  accepted  it,  this  act 
of  cession  was  repealed. 

Nearly  six  years  after  this,  February  25,  1790,  North  Carolina  again 
ceded  this  part  of  her  territory  to  the  United  States.  The  cession  was 


48 


TENNESSEE 


accepted,  on  the  second  of  the  following  April.  The  United  States  Con- 
gress soon  afterwards  passed  a law  organizing  in  the  ceded  territory  a terri 
torial  government,  and  named  it  “The  Territory  of  the  United  States 
South  of  the  Ohio.”  George  Washington  appointed  William  Blount  as 
territorial  governor,  who  served  continuously  for  six  years,  until  June, 
1796,  when  the  territory  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a state  and  given 


Fig.  34. — The  Hermitage. 

This  noted  place,  Andrew  Jackson’s  home,  is  about  twelve  miles  from  Nashville.  It  is  left 
just  as  it  was  when  General  Jackson  was  living. 


the  name  Tennessee  (an  Indian  word  meaning  “ the  river  of  the  great 
bend”),  at  the  suggestion,  it  is  said,  of  Andrew  Jackson. 

When  white  people  first  visited  this  region  they  found  it  occupied 
by  tribes  of  uncivilized  Indians.  In  the  eastern  part  were  the  Cherokees. 
The  Chickamaugas  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  Chattanooga;  the  Creeks  occu- 
pied the  southern  part  of  Middle  Tennessee,  and  the  Chickasaws  lived 


HISTOBY 


49 


in  that  part  of  West  Tennessee  bordering  on  the  Mississippi  River. 
Nearly  all  of  Middle  Tennessee  was  reserved  as  a common  hunting 
ground  for  all  the  tribes  in  Tennessee,  and  some  others  living  north  of 
the  present  limits  of  the  state. 

For  many  years  the  early  white  settlers  were  compelled  to  suffer  great 
hardships  and  to  face  extreme  dangers,  while  building  their  homes  in  this 
strange  land,  occupied  as  it  was  by  these  tribes  of  warlike  savages. 


It  was  during  the  month  of  March,  1796,  that  John  Sevier  was  elected 
the  first  Governor  of  Tennessee.  The  first  Legislature  met  at  Knoxville, 
and  sessions  were  held  there  until  1812.  The  next  three  sessions  were 
held  at  Nashville,  then  another  at  Knoxville  in  1817.  From  1819  to  1825 
they  were  held  at  Murfreesboro.  Since  then  they  have  been  held  at  Nash- 
ville, though  it  was  not  made  the  permanent  capital  until  1843. 

Tennessee  seceded  from  the  Union  in  June,  1861,  and  during  the  Civil 
War  which  followed,  the  state  furnished  30,000  soldiers  for  the  Federal 
army  and  100,000  for  the  Confederate  army.  Many  desperate  battles 


Fig.  35. 

View  of  the  University  of  Tennessee,  at  Knoxville. 


50 


TENNESSEE 


were  fought  in  Tennessee,  the  most  prominent  of  which  were  those  of 
Fort  Henry,  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Murfreesboro,  Missionary  Ridge, 
Lookout  Mountain,  Franklin,  and  Nashville.  The  battle  of  Chickamauga 
was  fought  partly  on  Tennessee  soil  and  had  for  its  object  the  possession 
of  Chattanooga. 

Tennessee  has  furnished  the  United  States  three  Presidents:  Andrew 
Jackson,  James  K.  Polk,  and  Andrew  Johnson,  — more  than  any  other 
state  except  New  York,  Ohio,  and  Virginia. 


Education 

The  schools  supported  wholly  or  in  part  by  state  aid  are  as 
follows : — 

The  public  schools  — throughout  the  state. 

The  School  for  the  Blind,  at  Nashville. 

The  School  for  Deaf  Mutes,  at  Knoxville. 

The  Industrial  School,  at  Nashville. 

The  Peabody  College  for  Teachers,  at  Nashville. 

The  University  of  Tennessee,  at  Knoxville. 

Knoxville  College  for  Colored  Students,  at  Knoxville. 

Within  the  past  few  years  great  improvements  have  been  made 
in  the  public  school  system  of  Tennessee.  It  now  embraces  6680 
primary  schools  and  1067  secondary  schools.  School  attendance  is 
voluntary.  There  are  nearly  800,000  children  of  school  age  living 
in  Tennessee,  and  about  half  a million  pupils  are  enrolled  in  the 
public  schools.  More  than  $2,000,000  are  expended  each  year  for 
the  maintenance  of  these  schools.  This  money  comes  from  the 
interest  on  the  permanent  school  fund,  a poll  tax,  and  a siiecial 
school  tax,  both  state  and  county.  A city  is  empowered  by  laAV 
to  collect  additional  taxes  to  maintain  its  municipal  system  of 
schools. 


EDUCATION 


51 


Fig.  3G. 

Vanderbilt  University,  at  Nashville. 

The  leading  denominational  schools  for  higher  education  in  Ten- 
nessee are  — 

University  of  the  South,  Sewanee  (Episcopal). 

Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville  (Methodist). 

Southwestern  Baptist  University,  Jackson. 

Southwestern  Presbyterian  University,  Clarksville. 

Cumberland  University,  Lebanon  (Cumberland  Presbyterian). 

Christian  Brothers  College,  Memphis  (Roman  Catholic). 

Many  other  good  denominational  and  private  schools  are  to  be 
found  in  various  parts  of  the  state.  Among  these  may  be  men- 
tioned — 


52 


TENNESSEE 


Fig.  37. 

Peabody  College  for  Teachers,  at  Nashville. 

Buford  College,  Nashville. 

Boscobel  College,  Nashville. 

St.  Cecilia  College,  Nashville. 

Ward’s  Seminary,  Nashville. 

Belmont  College,  Nashville. 

Winchester  Normal  College,  Winchester. 
Centenary  Female  College,  Cleveland. 
Burritt  College,  Spencer. 

Carson- Newman  College,  Jefferson  City. 
Washington  College,  Washington  County. 


EDUCATION 


53 


Grant  University,  Chattanooga  and  Athens. 

Greenville-Tusculum  College,  Tusculum. 

Maryville  College,  Maryville. 

Memphis  Conference  Female  Institute,  Jackson. 

King  College,  Bristol. 

Columbia  Athenaeum,  Columbia. 

Southern  Normal  University,  Huntingdon. 

Dickson  Normal  College,  Dickson. 

Howard  Female  College,  Gallatin. 

The  leading  institutions  for  colored  students  are  the  following : 
Fisk  University,  Walden  University,  and  Roger  Williams  Univer- 
sity, at  Nashville  ; Morristown  Normal  College,  at  Morristown  ; Lane 
College,  at  Jackson  ; Le  Moyne  Normal  Institute  and  Howe  Institute, 
at  Memphis;  and  Knoxville  College,  at  Knoxville. 

The  state  has  established  three  institutions  for  the  insane,  one  in  each 
of  the  three  grand  divisions.  These  institutions  are  located  at  Knoxville, 
• Nashville,  and.  Bolivar.  The  state  prison  is  at  Nashville. 

EDUCATIONAL  STATISTICS 


White 

Colored 

Total 

Scholastic  population 

583,562 

192,479 

776,041 

Pupils  enrolled 

393,542 

99,234 

492,779 

Average  daily  attendance 

274,300 

68,333 

342,631 

Number  of  School  Districts 3044: 

Number  of  White  Schools 6205 

Number  of  Colored  Schools 1542 

Number  of  Teachers 9732 


APPENDIX  A 

COUNTIES  OF  TENNESSEE  ARRANGED  BY  GRAND  DIVISIONS 

East  Tennessee 


County 

Si 

3 e- 
Z £ 

i! 

< 

— r- 

z a 

Si  . 
<■1 

Population,  1900 

Aver- 
age AS- 
SESSED 

Value 

Land, 

Acre 

County  Seat 

White 

Colored 

Total 

Anderson 

II 

1801 

350 

16,516 

1,118 

17,634 

S6.00 

Clinton 

Bledsoe 

III 

1807 

400 

6,151 

375 

6,626 

2.33 

Pikeville 

Blount 

II 

1705 

552 

17,591 

1,607 

19,206 

5.25 

Maryville 

Bradley  ....... 

III 

1835 

325 

13,672 

2.085 

15,759 

Cleveland 

Campbell  ...... 

II 

1806 

477 

16.701 

616 

17.317 

5.65 

Jacksboro 

Carter 

II 

179(1 

345 

16,026 

661 

16,688 

4.73 

Elizabeth  ton 

Claiborne 

I 

1801 

464 

19, <167 

729 

20,696 

4.41 

Tazewell 

Cocke 

I 

1707 

420 

17,892 

1,261 

19,153 

6.22 

Newport 

Grainger 

- I 

1796 

309 

14,862 

650 

15,512 

6.53 

Rutledge 

Greene 

I 

1783 

615 

29,027 

1,569 

30,596 

5.78 

Greenville 

Hamblen 

I 

1870 

165 

10,916 

1,791 

12.728 

10.81 

Morristown 

Hamilton 

III 

1819 

427 

42,187 

19,490 

61,695 

14.41 

Chattanooga 

Hancock 

I 

1846 

208 

10,874 

273 

11.147 

4.76 

Sneedville 

Hawkins 

I 

1786 

490 

22,113 

2,154 

24,267 

4.00 

Rogersville 

•James . 

11 

1871 

160 

4,901 

506 

5,407 

5.42 

Ooltewah 

Jefferson 

11 

1792 

310 

16,416 

2,174 

18,590 

10.21 

Dandridge 

Johnson  

I 

1835 

290 

10,221 

368 

10,589 

3.65 

Mountain  City 

Knox 

II 

1792 

520 

62,525 

11,777 

74,302 

16.66 

Knoxville 

Loudon  

II 

1870 

230 

9,471 

1,360 

10,838 

9.13 

Loudon 

McMinn 

III 

1819 

437 

17,165 

1,997 

19,163 

5.34 

Athens 

Marion 

III 

1817 

504 

15,176 

2,105 

17,281 

4.15 

Jasper 

Meigs 

III 

1835 

210 

6,828 

663 

7,491 

5.97 

Decatur 

Monroe . 

III 

1819 

668 

17,353 

1,222 

18,585 

3.75 

Madisonville 

Morgan 

II 

1817 

540 

8.987 

600 

9,587 

3.09 

Wartburg 

Polk 

III 

1839 

437 

11,054 

303 

11,357 

4.03 

Benton 

Rhea . 

IV 

1807 

365 

12,440 

1,878 

14,318 

5.74 

Dayton 

Roane  

II 

1801 

442 

20,113 

2,625 

22,738 

7.58 

Kingston 

Scott 

11 

1849 

595 

10,742 

335 

11,077 

2.39 

Huntsville 

Sequatchie 

III 

1857 

263 

3,289 

37 

3,326 

2.07 

Dunlap 

Sevier 

II 

1794 

588 

21,456 

565 

22,021 

4.14 

Seviersville 

Sullivan 

I 

1779 

430 

33,370 

1,565 

24,935 

7.47 

Blounts  ville 

Unicoi . 

I 

1875 

189 

5,721 

130 

5,851 

Erwin 

Union 

11 

1850 

237 

12,815 

79 

12.894 

5.30 

Maynard  ville 

Van  Buren 

HI 

1845 

275 

3,071 

55 

3,126 

1.59 

Spencer 

Washington 

I 

1777 

325 

20,456 

2,147 

22,604 

9.79 

Jonesboro 

Total 

635,104 

55 


56 


TENNESSEE 


Middle  Tennessee 


County 

® E- 

® o 

r®  Z 

Z X 

Population, 

1900 

Aver- 
age As- 
sessed 
Value 
Land, 
Acre 

County  Seat 

Z - 

CO 

White 

Colored 

Total 

Bedford 

V 

1S07 

489 

17,577 

6,268 

23,845 

$11.53 

Shelbyville 

Cannon  

V 

1835 

325 

11,266 

827 

12,121 

7.16 

Woodbury 

Cheatham 

VI 

1856 

347 

8,450 

1,662 

10,112 

5.36 

Ashland  City 

Clay 

IV 

1870 

260 

8,053 

368 

8,421 

4.97 

Celina 

Coffee 

V 

1835 

442 

13,772 

1,802 

15,574 

4.19 

Manchester 

Cumberland 

IV 

1837 

548 

7,739 

572 

8,311 

1.65 

Crossville 

Davidson 

VI 

1783 

520 

78,888 

43,902 

122, S15 

28.67 

Nashville 

DeKalb 

V 

1838 

322 

15,349 

1,108 

16,460 

7.23 

Smithville 

Dickson  ....... 

VII 

1803 

600 

15,716 

2,919 

18,635 

3.41 

Charlotte 

Fentress 

IV 

1823 

445 

6,081 

25 

6,106 

2.16 

Jamestown 

Franklin 

III 

1807 

610 

16,953 

3,439 

20,392 

5.29 

"Winchester 

Giles 

VII 

1809 

605 

21,629 

11,406 

33,035 

9.55 

Pulaski 

Grundy  

III 

1814 

375 

7,487 

315 

7,802 

1.90 

Altamont 

Hickman 

VII 

1807 

655 

13,756 

2,611 

16,367 

3.72 

Centreville 

Houston 

VI 

1S71 

200 

5,420 

1,056 

6,476 

3.89 

Erin 

Humphreys 

VI 

1809 

435 

11,883 

1,515 

13,398 

4.40 

Waverly 

Jackson  

IV 

1801 

325 

14,569 

470 

15,039 

6.13 

Gainesboro 

Lawrence 

VII 

1817 

590 

14,435 

967 

15,402 

2.95 

Lawrenceburg 

Lewis 

VI 

1843 

295 

4,063 

392 

4,455 

3.01 

Hohenwald 

Lincoln  

V 

1809 

597 

20,220 

6,084 

26,304 

9.58 

Fayetteville 

Macon 

IV 

1S42 

280 

11,007 

874 

12,881 

4.83 

La  Fayette 

Marshall ....  . . 

V 

1835 

315 

14,503 

4,260 

18,763 

10.14 

Lewisburg 

Maury 

VII 

1807 

632 

24,539 

18,164 

42,703 

17.79 

Columbia 

Montgomery 

VI 

1796 

548 

19,852 

16,158 

36,017 

8.79 

Clarksville 

Moore 

V 

1871 

145 

5,237 

469 

5,706 

8.01 

Lynchburg 

Overton 

IV 

1806 

459 

13,072 

273 

13,353 

3.16 

Livingston 

Perry 

VIII 

1819 

520 

8,135 

665 

8.800 

3.15 

Linden 

Pickett 

IV 

1879 

165 

5,355 

11 

5,366 

3.51 

Byrdstown 

Putnam 

IV 

1842 

430 

16,122 

768 

16,890 

4.75 

Cookeville 

Robertson 

VI 

1788 

500 

18,207 

6,822 

25.029 

6.95 

Springfield 

Rutherford 

V 

1803 

605 

20,572 

12,965 

33,543 

4.41 

Murfreesboro 

Smith 

IV 

1799 

334 

16,018 

3,008 

19,026 

12.91 

Carthage 

Stewart 

VI 

1803 

495 

12,872 

2,352 

15,224 

3.91 

Dover 

Sumner 

IV 

1786 

520 

19,394 

6,677 

26,072 

8.80 

Gallatin 

Trousdale 

IV 

1870 

107 

3,971 

2,033 

6,004 

11.08 

Harts  ville 

Warren 

III 

1807 

444 

14,336 

2,074 

16,410 

5.34 

McMinnville 

Wayne 

VII 

1817 

757 

11.792 

1,144 

12,936 

2.25 

Waynesboro 

White 

III 

1806 

370 

13,133 

1,024 

14.157 

4.38 

Sparta 

Williamson 

VII 

1799 

500 

16,756 

9,664 

26,429 

11.94 

Franklin 

Wilson 

Total 

IV 

1799 

552 

19,820 

7,256 

27,078 

783,457 

11.43 

Lebanon 

APPENDIX  A 


57 


West  Tennessee 


County 

EO 

-/D  © 

h ? 

Population 

, 1900 

Aver- 
age as- 

County  Seat 

d h 

z ,2 

CD 

a ^ 

<£ 

White 

Colored 

Total 

V A LUE 

Land, 

Acre 

Benton 

YITI 

1835 

430 

11.348 

540 

11.888 

Camden 

Carroll 

VIII 

1821 

624 

18,669 

5,581 

24,250 

§6.00 

Huntingdon 

Chester 

VIII 

1879 

300 

7,870 

2,026 

9,896 

4.02 

Henderson 

Crockett 

IX 

1871 

267 

11,821 

4,046 

15.867 

7.16 

Alamo 

Decatur 

VIII 

1845 

287 

9,219 

1.220 

10,439 

3.49 

Decaturville 

Dyer 

IX 

1823 

500 

18,0:34 

5,742 

23,776 

8.11 

Dyersburg 

Fayette 

X 

1823 

618 

8,019 

21,682 

29,701 

5.89 

Somerville 

Gibson  ....... 

IX 

1823 

625 

29,095 

10,313 

39,408 

9.31 

Trenton 

Hardeman 

X 

1823 

655 

12,771 

10.215 

22,976 

4.07 

Bolivar 

Hardin 

VIII 

1819 

587 

16,568 

2.678 

19,246 

4.20 

Savannah 

Haywood 

IX 

1823 

520 

8,109 

17,080 

25,189 

6.12 

Brownsville 

Henderson 

VIII 

1821 

515 

15,480 

2,637 

18,117 

3.75 

Lexington 

Henry 

VIII 

1821 

625 

18,209 

2,999 

24,208 

6.05 

Paris 

Lake 

IX 

1870 

128 

5,384 

1,984 

7,368 

9.04 

Tiptonville 

Lauderdale 

IX 

1835 

460 

11,802 

10,169 

21,971 

6.91 

Ripley 

McNairy 

VIII 

1823 

570 

15,318 

2,442 

17,760 

3.15 

Selnter 

Madison 

VIII 

1821 

545 

19,572 

16,754 

36,333 

6.22 

Jackson 

Obion 

IX 

1823 

505 

23,444 

4,840 

28,286 

13.75 

Union  City 

Shelby 

X 

1819 

769 

68,754 

84.337 

153,557 

16.34 

Memphis 

Tipton 

X 

1823 

430 

15,307 

13,965 

29,273 

8.04 

Covington 

Weakley 

Total 

IX 

1823 

565 

28,318 

4,228 

32,546 

602,075 

10.01 

Dresden 

West  Tennessee 602,075 

Middle  Tennessee 783,457 

East  Tennessee 635,104 

Total 2,020,616 


APPENDIX  B 


POPULATION  OF  INCORPORATED  TOWNS  AND  VILLAGES  OF 
TENNESSEE,  AND  THE  COUNTIES  IN  WHICH  THEY 
ARE  SITUATED,  RESPECTIVELY,  1900 

(1)  Incorporated  Cities  and  Towns  which  are  County  Seats 


City  or  Town 

Altitude  in  Feet 

Population,  1900 

County 

Alamo 

315 

700 

Crockett 

Altamont 

1,923 

300 

Grundy 

Ashland  City 

395 

350 

Cheatham 

Athens 

869 

1,849 

McMinn 

Benton 

880 

250 

Polk 

Blountville 

1,632 

275 

Sullivan 

Bolivar 

439 

1,030 

Hardeman 

Brownsville 

333 

2,645 

Haywood 

Byrdstown 

1,026 

200 

Pickett 

Camden 

444 

399 

Benton 

Carthage 

450 

575 

Smith 

Celina 

900 

280 

Clay 

Centreville 

501 

650 

Hickman 

Charlotte 

650 

300 

Dickson 

Chattanooga 

681 

30,154 

Hamilton 

Clarksville 

394 

9,431 

Montgomery 

Cleveland 

875 

3,850 

Bradley 

Clinton 

841 

1,111 

Anderson 

Columbia 

646 

6,052 

Maury 

Cookeville 

1,050 

1,000 

Putnam 

Covington 

340 

2,787 

Tipton 

Crossville 

1,881 

625 

Cumberland 

Dandridge 

990 

775 

Jefferson 

Dayton 

711 

2,004 

Rhea 

58 


APPENDIX  B 


59 


City  ok  Town 

Altitude  in  Ff.et 

Population,  1900 

County 

Decatur 

850 

500 

Meigs 

Decaturville 

400 

250 

Decatur 

Dover 

380 

400 

Stewart 

Dresden 

426 

900 

Weakley 

Dunlap 

726 

550 

Sequatchie 

Dyersburg 

350 

3,607 

Dyer 

Elizabethton 

1,580 

1,200 

Carter 

Erin 

406 

1,250 

Houston 

Erwin 

1,680 

200 

Unicoi 

Fayetteville 

656 

2,708 

Lincoln 

Franklin 

617 

2,180 

Williamson 

Gainesboro 

825 

400 

Jackson 

Gallatin 

496 

2,400 

Sumner 

Greeneville 

1,581 

1,817 

Greene 

Hartsville 

580 

800 

Trousdale 

Henderson 

421 

1,200 

Chester 

Hohenwald 

968 

300 

Lewis 

Huntingdon  ........ 

424 

1,332 

Carroll 

Huntsville 

1,510 

350 

Scott 

Jacksboro  

1,515 

621 

Campbell 

Jackson  

394 

14,511 

Madison 

Jamestown 

1,698 

400 

Fentress 

Jasper  . 

626 

800 

Marion 

Jonesboro 

1,734 

854 

Washington 

Kingston 

723 

548 

Roane 

Knoxville 

933 

32,637 

Knox 

La  Fayette 

1,095 

425 

Macon 

Lawrenceburg 

857 

823 

Lawrence 

Lebanon 

522 

1,956 

Wilson 

Lewisburg 

727 

1,421 

Marshall 

Lexington 

450 

1,332 

Henderson 

Linden 

470 

275 

Perry 

Livingston 

1,011 

350 

Overton 

Loudon  

806 

875 

Loudon 

Lynchburg 

980 

419 

Moore 

Madisonville 

1,069 

625 

Monroe 

Manchester 

1,035 

1,350 

Coffee 

60 


TENNESSEE 


City  or  Town 

Altitude  in  Feet 

Population,  1900 

County 

Maryville 

1,050 

2,350 

Blount 

Maynardville 

1,680 

250 

Union 

McMinnville 

911 

1,980 

Warren 

Memphis 

271 

102,320 

Shelby 

Morristown 

1,351 

2,973 

Hamblen 

Mountain  City 

2,481 

475 

Johnson 

Murfreesboro 

583 

3,999 

Rutherford 

Nashville 

435 

80,865 

Davidson 

Newport 

1,280 

1,630 

Cocke 

Ooltewah 

778 

250 

James 

Paris 

449 

2,018 

Henry 

Pikeville 

875 

650 

Bledsoe 

Pulaski 

643 

2,838 

Giles 

Ripley 

275 

1,040 

Lauderdale 

Rogersville 

1,212 

1,386 

Hawkins 

Rutledge 

1,140 

555 

Grainger 

Savannah  

450 

1,500 

Hardin 

Selmer 

475 

588 

McNairy 

Sevierville 

1,035 

800 

Sevier 

Shelhyville 

771 

2,236 

Bedford 

Smithville 

1 ,033 

800 

De  Kalb 

Sneedville 

1,465 

325 

Hancock 

Somerville 

378 

777 

Payette 

Sparta 

920 

895 

White 

Spencer  

1,839 

300 

Van  Buren 

Springfield 

545 

1,732 

Robertson 

Tazewell 

1,300 

500 

Claiborne 

Tiptonville 

290 

900 

Lake 

Trenton  ......... 

321 

2,328 

Gibson 

Union  City 

360 

3,407 

Obion 

Wartburg 

1,375 

450 

Morgan 

Waverly 

525 

786 

Humphreys 

Waynesboro 

995 

700 

Wayne 

Winchester 

945 

1,388 

Franklin 

Woodbury 

900 

468 

Cannon 

APPENDIX  B 


61 


(2)  Incorporated  Towns  not  County  Seats 


City  oe  Town 

Popu- 

lation, 

1900 

County 

City  oe  Town 

' A 

3 S-  03 

County 

Bartlett 

200 

Shelby 

Lookout  Mt. 

452 

Hamilton 

Bellbuckle 

665 

Bedford 

Martin  . . 

1,730 

Weakley 

Bells 

758 

Dickson 

Mason  . . 

448 

Tipton 

Bingham 

382 

Williamson 

McKenzie  . 

1,256 

Carroll 

Bluff  City 

548 

Sullivan 

Middleton  . 

287 

Hardeman 

Bou  Air 

991 

White 

Midway . . 

78 

Greene 

Bristol 

5,271 

Sullivan 

Milan  . . 

1,682 

Gibson 

Cave  Bluff 

152 

Unicoi 

Mt.  Pleasant 

2,007 

Maury 

Clifton 

639 

Wayne 

Newbern 

1,433 

Dyer 

Colliersville  .... 

829 

Shelby 

Obion  . . 

1,034 

Obion 

Dickson 

1,363 

Dickson 

Petersburg  . 

411 

Lincoln 

Double  Springs  . . . 

149 

Putnam 

Raleigh  . . 

279 

Shelby 

Dyer 

1,204 

Gibson 

Rheatown  . 

158 

Greene 

Gadsden 

229 

Crockett 

Richmond  . 

73 

Bedford 

Galloway 

77 

F ayette 

Rockwood  . 

2,899 

Roane 

Gates  ...... 

167 

Lauderdale 

Rutherford 

677 

Gibson 

Germantown  .... 

270 

Shelby 

South  Fulton 

455 

Obion 

Grand  Junction  . . . 

393 

Hardeman 

South  Pittsburg  . 

1,789 

Marion 

Halls 

395 

Lauderdale 

Spring  City 

646 

Rhea 

Harriman 

Roane 

Sweetwater 

1,716 

Monroe 

Humboldt 

2,866 

Gibson 

Thomastown 

186 

Shelby 

Iron  City 

331 

Lawrence 

Toone  . . 

241 

Hardeman 

Jellico 

1,283 

Campbell 

Troy  . . . 

416 

Obion 

Johnson  City  .... 

4,645 

Washington 

Tullahoma 

3,684 

Coffee 

La  Follette 

366 

Campbell 

Walling 

78 

White 

La  Grange 

355 

Fayette 

Wartrace  . 

642 

Bedford 

Lenox 

327 

Dyer 

Whiteviile  . 

468 

Hardeman 

Longview 

180 

Bedford 

Date  Due 

1 

1 

| 

1 

Form  3 3 5. — 2 5 M — 7-3 5 — B-M.Co. 

(wrron?7«  7094a 


Barrett 


